The regime in Pyongyang has fired two missiles over Japan this year and has threatened to "sink" the country into the sea.
Last month, North Korea test-fired an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) that plunged into the waters of Japan's exclusive economic zone.
"North Korea's nuclear and missile development has entered a new stage of threat that is more serious and imminent to our country's security," the government said as it endorsed the introduction of Aegis Ashore at a cabinet meeting.
Japan needs to drastically improve its missile defence, Tokyo added.
Japan plans to introduce the Aegis Ashore system at two locations, covering the entire nation with powerful radars.
The deployment will hand the US ally another layer of defence in addition to SM-3 guided missiles launched by Aegis destroyer vessels and Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) missiles.
However, it will take years before the Aegis Ashore system is operational, according to Japanese officials.
The contract is yet to be signed with the United States and deployment at two locations could cost a total of 200 billion yen ($1.8 billion), including the cost of building new facilities.
However, officials insisted the new system would boost Japan's missile defence.
"Naval vessels need to return to their ports regularly for rest and refuelling, but if it's ground deployment, we will be able to operate almost 24-7," an official said.
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